A security system is a smart investment for any house. No matter where you live, it's a good idea to install a warning signal that can identify any passersby, burglars, or intruders. Motion detectors are a wonderfully non-invasive way to monitor movement on your property. Though they're a great alternative to traditional alarm systems, they can also be used to simply shed some light on nightly outdoor activities.
How They Work
Most motion sensors use a passive infrared (PIR) construction, which means that an electronic chip sends out infrared light signals (invisible to the naked eye) from its lens. This beam doesn't monitor motion but rather temperature. So when a warm body passes within a given range, a rapid change in infrared energy occurs and the device activates. However there are other active forms of detection available, such as radar systems (which work like a radar gun, bouncing microwaves off moving objects) or ultrasonic systems (which send out sound waves and measures the returning echo).
Double Operatives
There are two operations that motion detectors serve: alarm systems and lighting options.
Alarm: Motion detectors are a perfect alternative to traditional security systems. Whether in or outside the home, when the motion sensor "sees" a passerby, lights flash and an alarm will trip. Of course, these devices can be controlled by the homeowner to prevent false alarms, and they can be installed anywhere extra security is needed: skylights, bedroom windows, garage doors, front entrances, etc.
Lighting: Often motion detectors operate as truly passive systems, avoiding all the bells and whistles. Instead, they simply provide extra lighting in dark areas of the home, such as basements, hallways, and attics. Typically they're used on porches and driveways, allowing guests to safely approach the house or to spotlight a night game of basketball.
Combination: Of course, combining the two security functions create the best of both worlds. A sudden light source can scare away most intruders. But for more determined prowlers, you may need a backup alarm system inside the house as well.
Cost Savers
Though security and lighting are the main jobs, many homeowners invest in motion sensors for the savings they offer. Why leave your porch lights on all night? When you leave a room, do you sometimes forget to flip the switch? These devices work only when they're needed. Plus, they run on a timer delay and will automatically shut off after a certain period of time. So why risk wasting all that electricity?
Though these products save you money in the long run, they do require an initial investment. Most will cost you somewhere between $40-$150, depending upon the technology. Plus don't forget installation fees. Most systems can be easily installed, but it may be a good idea to consult a professional security company who has specialized experience in this field. These professionals can help you decide which equipment will best suit your needs and what locations in the home will best be served with added security. 
Marc Dickinson has worked in both the general contracting and landscaping trades and is currently a home improvement freelance writer with over 300 articles published.